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As of March 1, 2021, the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) unveiled an extensive set of directives known as the KSPCB guideline for STP and wastewater treatment.
Let’s take a close look at the guidelines below.
1. KSPCB Guideline for STP: According to the KSPCB guideline for STP, Activated Sludge Process (ASP) is recommended as the preferred technology for STPs with a capacity exceeding 500 KLD.
2. Wastewater Treatment Insights: The KSPCB guideline for wastewater treatment also suggests exploring Sequential Batch Reactors (SBR) and Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) as potential alternatives.
3. Key Design Component: One of the essential elements emphasised in the KSPCB guideline for STP is the central role played by the secondary clarifier tank in sewage treatment plants like ASP and MBR.
4. Equalisation Tank Recommendations: According to the KSPCB guideline for STP and wastewater treatment, an 8-hour uniform retention time is recommended for the Equalisation Tank (Buffer tank).
5. Fine Screen Usage: KSPCB recommends incorporating fine screens into all types of sewage treatment plants (STPs) as part of their wastewater treatment strategy.
6. MBBR Sensitivity: For MBBR-based sewage treatment plants, the KSPCB guideline underscores the importance of including a primary settlement stage due to their sensitivity to incoming solids.
7. Pump Selection: The guideline advises against submersible pumps, emphasising the benefits of using centrifugal pumps for easier maintenance.
8. Denitrification Stage: The KSPCB guideline suggests improving the mixing during the denitrification stage by recirculating the mixture to the pre-aeration tank.
9. MLR Rate Determination: For effective denitrification, the KSPCB guideline highlights the critical role of the Mixed Liquor Recirculation (MLR) rate, which should be meticulously determined based on incoming BOD levels, incoming Nitrogen levels, and the desired treated water Nitrogen levels.
10. Sludge Holding Tank Sizing: Given how the criterion for sizing drudge holding tank varies across technologies, there is no specific guidance related to this. However, it should be noted that certain STP models like the MBBR and SBR have weak solids consistency. This means additional treatment methods including thickening and digestion would be required for them.
11. Treated Water Usage: As part of its recommendations, the KSPCB guideline suggests storing treated water for two days for use in gardening.
12. Sludge Separation Methods: The guideline discusses various sludge separation methods, including vertical bowl type centrifuges, belt presses, and volute screw presses. It emphasises the importance of controlled polymer addition in these processes.
13. OGT Significance: The KSPCB guideline underscores the critical role of Oil and Grease Traps (OGTs) in extensive kitchen facilities. These specialised units are essential, particularly in locations such as shopping malls with expansive food courts and 5-star hotels operating extensive kitchens. OGTs are typically customised to meet specific requirements.
14. Air Blower Design: The guideline specifies the design requirement for air blowers, calling for 2.5 kg of oxygen per kg of BOD.
15. UF System Mandate: KSPCB mandates the inclusion of an Ultrafiltration (UF) System in STPs to enhance treatment efficiency.
16. PLC and Automation: The guideline encourages the integration of Programmable Logic Control (PLC) or automated control systems in Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) setups for enhanced operational control and efficiency.
17. Residual Chlorine Level: KSPCB recommends maintaining a residual chlorine level of 2 ppm in treated sewage, ensuring the continued disinfection of effluent.
18. Ozone Treatment: The guideline suggests the use of ozonation as an effective treatment method for sewage.
19. Ventilation Rate: KSPCB advises a ventilation rate of 25 air changes per hour in the guideline, ensuring proper air quality within treatment facilities.
20. Real-time Probes: The guideline mandates the installation of real-time probes for each STP, facilitating continuous monitoring and control.
21. Modular Design: KSPCB advocates for a modular design approach in STPs, allowing for efficient operation, especially during periods of reduced sewage production. This design involves multiple parallel streams, with the flexibility to activate only a subset of these streams when needed, ensuring resource-efficient operation.
The KSPCB guideline for STP and wastewater treatment serves as a comprehensive and forward-thinking resource, offering insights and recommendations across various aspects of sewage treatment and technology adoption.
These above parameters are recommended only by Karnataka pollution control board, it is not mandatory and as a state pollution control board it concerns about the treatment quality and sets the parameter for the final treated water quality. Like for example BOD below 10, COD below 50 etc., but state pollution control board cannot mandate the technology option, since the technologies are keep updating basis on the requirement better and more efficient technologies will come into the market by both local and international STP treatment companies.
Karnataka Pollution Control Board Sewage treatment plant inlet and outlet parameters prescribed as mentioned below.
| Parameters | Inlet water parameter | Post treatment parameters by pollution control norms |
| BOD (5) at 27 Deg. C | <250 mg/l | < 10 mg/l |
| COD | <350 – 450 mg/l | < 50 mg/l |
| TSS | 200 – 250 mg/l | < 10 mg/l |
| O&G | 20-40 mg/l | Nil |
| PH | 6.0-8.0 | 6.0 – 8.5 |
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- Zero manpower and
- Almost zero electricity (compare to normal aeration stp, only 10% electricity is used for tertiary)
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Sewage treatment is very simple in nature, does not require any mechanical or blowers to treat waste water.
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Today`s Sewage treatment plant challenges are mainly:
- High maintenance cost
- High electricity usage
- Manpower to run plant 24/7
- Sludge disposal is a biggest issue.
- Treated water disposal is another area pollution control board has to look into and give recommendations.
Sewage treated water parameters for ground water recharge is not clearly mentioned in the pollution control board. Which needs immediate attention so that the Residential apartments can relieve from the pressure.
In a Nutshell, Bio Sewage Treatment Plant offers you to resolve all your challenges/problems in STPs.
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Saves 80% maintenance cost – No electricity, No operators required. Saves 90% carbon footprint.